Global Monitoring for Food Security (GMFS)

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" rowspan="2" width=210 BGCOLOR="#99CC99" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="1948dfc3.jpg"> <div> <B><IMG SRC="1feb27c0.gif" border=0 width="178" height="124" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="EnvironmentEcologyForestry"><U><B>Return to Home</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id8.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Trust and Mission"><U><B>Trust and Mission</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id33.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Resource Persons"><U><B>Resource Persons</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id26.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Curriculum Vitae of Claude R. Heimo"><U><I><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c811111100.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">CV Claude R. 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Another major purpose of the UN is to promote universal respect for and observance of human rights. These two tasks are closely intertwined as social development is increasingly seen and understood as the realization of all human rights for all. This human rights approach underlines the legal obligations of States to meet the basic needs of the most vulnerable individuals. </div> <bR> <div> The 1996 World Food Summit was called in response to the continued existence of widespread under-nutrition and growing concern about the capacity of agriculture to meet future food needs. In 1974, governments attending the World Food Conference proclaimed that <I>every man, woman and child has the inalienable right to be free from hunger and malnutrition in order to develop their physical and mental faculties.</I> The Conference had set as its goal the eradication of hunger, Food Insecurity and malnutrition within a decade. For many reasons, among them failures in policy making and funding, that goal had not been met. As progress towards meeting the goals of the 1996 World Food Summit remained disappointingly slow, a new World Food Summit five years later was organized in Rome in 2002 to accelerate action to reduce world hunger. It also unanimously adopted a declaration calling on the international community to fulfil an earlier pledge to cut the number of hungry people to about 400 million by 2015.</div> <bR> <div> However, the lack of believable data, both related to the nature of food security problems and the number of people affected, and a poor understanding of how people survive under famine stress, are perhaps among the main reasons for persistence of hunger in many parts of Africa. From a security perspective, it is widely accepted that current early warning and targeting systems are not applicable or appropriate, particularly in areas where Government capacity is extremely weak. The recent high profile food security crises, having notably affected southern and eastern Africa or Central Asia (Mongolia) provide an opportunity to promote a comprehensive solution to the problem of gathering early warning information.</div> <bR> <div> The aim of Global Monitoring for Food Security project or GMFS is precisely to reduce the vulnerability of the Region's population to acute food shortages through improving the Regional capacities to monitor and analyze food insecurity information, and to advocate for appropriate responses. It is one of the ten ESA approved projects fully dedicated to GMES (or Global Monitoring for Environment and Security) is a joint initiative of the European Commission and the European Space Agency, designed to establish a European capacity for the provision and use of operational information for Global Monitoring of Environment and Security. </div> <bR> <div> More specifically, the objective of the Global Monitoring for Food Security (GMFS) project is to improve the provision of operational and sustainable information services, derived at least partly from earth observation (EO) data, to assist food aid and food security decision makers from local to global level. The GMFS aim is to consolidate, support and complement existing regional information and early warning systems (EWS) on food and agriculture. Together with other key players in the sector, GMFS will establish a European Service for Food Security to guarantee state-of-the-art operational monitoring and forecasting for agricultural production and food security issues in direct support to European food security policy objectives. </div> <bR> <div> The GMFS service is essentially based on the integration of generic (i.e. Vegetation Index) and specific (i.e. yield, acreage, etc.) products inferred from the synergy between low-medium (small scale) and high-resolution (large scale) Earth Observation data and ground-based information (e.g. socio-economic data). The ultimate goal of the GMFS service is to identify and assess food insecure areas and population, and to quantify their level of vulnerability with particular emphasis on food security. The three main features of this service are</div> <bR> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Wing0a7300a700dc00000000.gif" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">A complete set of figures relevant to Food Security are generated by means of Earth Observation data providing objective and irrefutable evidence of the actual past and current agricultural and environmental situations. As such, the Earth Observation part is designed and implemented in such a way that data are acquired from various sensors with different spatial and temporal scales, in order to gather complementary and redundant information to assess the scale and seriousness of impeding factors affecting food security;</div> <bR> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Wing0a7300a700dc00000000.gif" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">A decentralized service simultaneously developed in collaboration with Regional and National Early Warning Units. Such decentralization is aimed at facilitating and optimising the generation of local information meeting the needs of institutions involved in food security. Such information would then be aggregated at national, regional and/or transnational level depending upon the seriousness of the food crises; and</div> <bR> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Wing0a7300a700dc00000000.gif" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The generation of targeted information meeting various end users needs, with particular emphasis on European Union food security policies, to support long-term food Security, research and food aid in case of food crises.</div> <bR> <div> An overview of the service is given in the figure below</div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <IMG SRC="21822940.gif" border=0 width="546" height="404" ALT="Image Bitmap" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> The service described above is derived from an integrated concept, which allows the development of near-real time multi-scale products as illustrated below:</div> <bR> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <IMG SRC="27d8c080.gif" border=0 width="652" height="520" ALT="Image Bitmap" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> Products that can be derived from this multi-scale concept is further illustrated below: </div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="617" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="226"><div> <B>Products</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="118"><div> <B>Unit</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <B>Spatial Resolution</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <B>Temporal  Resolution</B></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#F2F2F2 HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="226"><div> Rainfall</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#F2F2F2 WIDTH="118"><div> mm/day</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#F2F2F2 WIDTH="118"><div> 5 km  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#F2F2F2 WIDTH="130"><div> 10 days</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#F2F2F2 HEIGHT= 14 ><NOBR><div> Relative Evapotranspiration (Actual/Potential)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#F2F2F2 WIDTH="118"><div> %</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#F2F2F2 WIDTH="118"><div> 5 km  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#F2F2F2 WIDTH="130"><div> 10 days</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#F2F2F2 HEIGHT= 28 WIDTH="226"><div> Relative Evapotranspiration deviation from 5 years average</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#F2F2F2 WIDTH="118"><div> %</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#F2F2F2 WIDTH="118"><div> 5 km  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#F2F2F2 WIDTH="130"><div> 10 days</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#F2F2F2 HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="226"><div> Relative Crop Yield </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#F2F2F2 WIDTH="118"><div> % of max. yield </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#F2F2F2 WIDTH="118"><div> 5 km </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#F2F2F2 WIDTH="130"><div> 10 days forecast</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#F2F2F2 HEIGHT= 28 ><NOBR><div> Crop yield deviation from 5 years average</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#F2F2F2 WIDTH="118"><div> % of 5 years average  yield</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#F2F2F2 WIDTH="118"><div> 5 km  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#F2F2F2 WIDTH="130"><div> 10 days forecast</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF HEIGHT= 31 ><NOBR><div> Normalized Difference Vegetation Index</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF WIDTH="118"><div> NA</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF><NOBR><div> 1km</div> <div> Administrative Unit</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF WIDTH="130"><div> 10 days</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF HEIGHT= 31 WIDTH="226"><div> Normalized Difference Vegetation Index deviation from 5 years average</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF WIDTH="118"><div> NA</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF><NOBR><div> 1km</div> <div> Administrative Unit</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF WIDTH="130"><div> 10 days</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF HEIGHT= 31 WIDTH="226"><div> Dry Matter Productivity</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF WIDTH="118"><div> kg/ha</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF><NOBR><div> 1km</div> <div> Administrative Unit</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF WIDTH="130"><div> 10 days</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF HEIGHT= 31 WIDTH="226"><div> Dry Matter Productivity deviation from 5 years average</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF WIDTH="118"><div> kg/ha</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF><NOBR><div> 1km</div> <div> Administrative Unit</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF WIDTH="130"><div> 10 days</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF HEIGHT= 31 WIDTH="226"><div> Vegetation Productivity</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF WIDTH="118"><div> kg/ha</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF><NOBR><div> 1km</div> <div> Administrative Unit</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF WIDTH="130"><div> 10 days</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF HEIGHT= 31 WIDTH="226"><div> Vegetation Productivity deviation from 5 years average</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF WIDTH="118"><div> kg/ha</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF><NOBR><div> 1km</div> <div> Administrative Unit</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF WIDTH="130"><div> 10 days</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF HEIGHT= 31 WIDTH="226"><div> Begin and End of Crop Season,</div> <div> Vegetation front</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF WIDTH="118"><div> NA</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF><NOBR><div> 1km</div> <div> Administrative Unit</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF WIDTH="130"><div> 10 days</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF HEIGHT= 31 WIDTH="226"><div> Begin and End of Crop Season, Vegetation front deviation from 5 years average</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF WIDTH="118"><div> NA</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF><NOBR><div> 1km</div> <div> Administrative Unit</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#DFDFDF WIDTH="130"><div> 10 days</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#CCCCCC HEIGHT= 31 WIDTH="226"><div> Crop acreage map</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#CCCCCC WIDTH="118"><div> NA</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#CCCCCC><NOBR><div> 300-500 m</div> <div> Administrative Unit</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#CCCCCC WIDTH="130"><div> On request every 10-16 days during season</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#CCCCCC HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="226"><div> Land Cover Map</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#CCCCCC WIDTH="118"><div> NA</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#CCCCCC WIDTH="118"><div> 300-500 m</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#CCCCCC WIDTH="130"><div> On request</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 HEIGHT= 31 WIDTH="226"><div> Crop acreage map</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 WIDTH="118"><div> NA</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2><NOBR><div> 10-150 m</div> <div> Administrative Unit</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 WIDTH="130"><div> On request every 3-4 weeks during season</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="226"><div> Land Cover Map</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 WIDTH="118"><div> NA</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 WIDTH="118"><div> 10-30 m</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 WIDTH="130"><div> On request</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="226"><div> Digital Elevation Model</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 WIDTH="118"><div> NA</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 WIDTH="118"><div> 25 m</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 WIDTH="130"><div> On request</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="226"><div> Forest Burnt Areas</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 WIDTH="118"><div> NA</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 WIDTH="118"><div> 10-30 m</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 WIDTH="130"><div> On request</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="226"><div> Flooded Areas</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 WIDTH="118"><div> NA</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 WIDTH="118"><div> 10-30 m</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 WIDTH="130"><div> On request</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="226"><div> Surface Water Bodies</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 WIDTH="118"><div> NA</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 WIDTH="118"><div> 10-30 m</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 WIDTH="130"><div> On request</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="226"><div> Forest</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 WIDTH="118"><div> NA</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 WIDTH="118"><div> 10-30 m</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 WIDTH="130"><div> On request</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="226"><div> Shifting Cultivation</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 WIDTH="118"><div> NA</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 WIDTH="118"><div> 10-30 m</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#B2B2B2 WIDTH="130"><div> On request</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#8C8C8C HEIGHT= 28 WIDTH="226"><div> Crop yield and production</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#8C8C8C WIDTH="118"><div> tons/ha, tons</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#8C8C8C><NOBR><div> Administrative Unit</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#8C8C8C WIDTH="130"><div> On request every 3-4 weeks during season</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#727272 HEIGHT= 14 ><NOBR><div> Season Development Status Index</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#727272 WIDTH="118"><div> NA</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#727272><NOBR><div> Administrative Unit</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#727272 WIDTH="130"><div> On request</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#727272 HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="226"><div> Impact Index on Food Security</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#727272 WIDTH="118"><div> NA</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#727272><NOBR><div> Administrative Unit</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#727272 WIDTH="130"><div> On request</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <div> As designed, the GMFS service intends to address five groups of potential end-users, which can directly or indirectly benefit from the service. They include:</div> <bR> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Aria006c002d00dc00000000.gif" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Existing global, regional and national food security information and famine early warning systems, such as the FAO GIEWS, FIVIMS, FEWS/USAID or WFP-VAM</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Aria006c002d00dc00000000.gif" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Food Aid agencies, including the WFP and other humanitarian aid organizations;</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Aria006c002d00dc00000000.gif" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Development Aid agencies, such as the World Bank, IFAD, institutions of the European Commission involved in food security support, and bilateral aid organisations;</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Aria006c002d00dc00000000.gif" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Agricultural research institutions, notably those belonging to the GGIAR group; and</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Aria006c002d00dc00000000.gif" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Policy making bodies, such as the UNCCD or those regulating food aid and agricultural product trade. </div> <bR> <div> Each of the above groups of potential end-users includes a wide array of institutions among which intergovernmental organizations and multinational corporations, national ministries and corporations, international and national non-governmental organizations as well as local authorities and grass-roots organizations. Institutions dealing with food security information and early warning systems have been identified as the direct beneficiaries of the GMFS service, while the other segments should be considered as indirect beneficiaries.</div> <bR> <div> To sum-up, the GMFS positions itself as a <I>support service,</I> providing fast, reliable and high quality base data to existing early warning systems as indicated in the figure below. It will be an operational center for Earth Observation based information of relevance to food security and food aid, and, as such, integrating and expanding the efficiency of current early warning systems. </div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <IMG SRC="213f61d0.jpg" border=0 width="502" height="285" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">  </div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Exemple of high-resolution mapping product processed</B></I><I><B> by</B></I><I><B> Sarmap using </B></I><I><B>SARscape®</B></I></div> <bR> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <IMG SRC="23ef65f0.gif" border=0 width="502" height="351" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> Zomba Malawi: Mais Development  ( Dec 2003 - Jan 2004) Courtesy of Sarmap</div> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>